History+of+the+Web

Highlight some of the key points in the history of the World Wide Web. When did it start or how? When was email first introduced? When did it expand into education? Brian Perzentka Andrew Rinke Erin Tipler Christy Thompson

The **World Wide Web** ("**WWW**" or simply the "**Web**") is a global information medium which users can read and write via computers connected to the Internet. The term is often mistakenly used as a synonym for the Internet itself, but the Web is a service that operates over the Internet, as email does. The history of the internet dates back significantly further than that of the World Wide Web (Wikipedia,History of the World Wide Web). The Internet was the result of some visionary thinking by people in the early 1960s who saw great potential value in allowing computers to share information on research and development in scientific and military fields. Charley Kline at UCLA sent the first packets on ARPANet (the Internet) as he tried to connect to Stanford Research Institute on Oct 29, 1969. The system crashed as he reached the G in LOGIN! (A Brief History of the Internet by [|Walt Howe])

The Internet matured in the 70's as a result of the TCP/IP architecture first proposed by Bob Kahn at BBN and further developed by Kahn and Vint Cerf at Stanford and others throughout the 70's. It was adopted by the Defense Department in 1980 replacing the earlier Network Control Protocol (NCP) and universally adopted by 1983.(A Brief History of the Internet by [|Walt Howe]) According to a CNN transcript of an interview with Wolf Blitzer, Al Gore said,"During my service in the United States Congress, I took the initiative in creating the Internet." Al Gore was not yet in Congress in 1969 when ARPANET started or in 1974 when the term Internet first came into use. Gore was elected to Congress in 1976. In fairness, Bob Kahn and Vint Cerf acknowledge in a paper titled [|Al Gore and the Internet] that Gore has probably done more than any other elected official to support the growth and development of the Internet from the 1970's to the present.

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= When did it start and how? = = = The idea of the internet started in 1962 as a result of the cold war. The United States wanted a way to maintain control of their nuclear weapons in the result of an attack on their control centers. In order to achieve that there must be communication between computers in different locations. The solution to this problem was the birth of the internet.

1963 A standard computer code or language was established which allowed different computers from different manufactures to communicate. ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange)

1969 The first network was created that linked four different University locations using circuits. The four locations that were connected were: University of California at Los Angeles, SRI (in Stanford), University of California at Santa Barbara, and University of Utah.

1974 was the first use of the term internet

1974-1983 Marks the creation of different networks for different purposes. Ethernet cables were created to allow for faster transmissions of data. The U.S. Military is using the ARPANET and CSNET is the networks that connects instates of higher education mainly for the purpose of research. CSNET is supported by the National Science Foundation and is a faster network than ARPANET which is used by the military. Although during this time there two different networks and over 560 computers connected the internet has not gone public.

1984-1991 The internet continues to grow and by 1991 there are 617,000 computers connected. During this time networks grow and merge, old networks start to disappear and the National Science Foundation is still the major provider of internet services. The internet is still not public and is used primarily for research and communication about research.

1989 Tim Berners-Lee and Robert Cailliau build the prototype system that became the World Wide Web

1991 Marks the release of the internet to the public, known as the World-Wide Web. The Internet Society is created to provide leadership and set standards for the internet. The internet, now the worldwide web is still supported by the National Science Foundation backbone which was upgraded to T3 lines which supported 44.736 Mbps at the time of its release.  1992 By the end of 1992, there were about 26 publicly accessible sites available on the World World Wide web. Surfing the Internet" is coined by Jean Armour Polly.

1994 Pizza Hut offers ordering online.

1995 In 1995 the NSF no longer allows direct access to their networks backbone and contracts with providers to charge for internet connections. The price, $50.

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1995 American Online, CompuServe and Prodigy begin offering dial-up Internet service, the first audio streaming service is released - RealAudio, Jeff Bezos launches Amazon.com, eBay launches, Craig Newmark founds Craigslist and Internet Explorer 1.0 is released.

1998 Google is founded and America Online buys Netscape Communications. By this time there were approximately three quarters of a million commercial sites on the world wide web.

2001 Apple launches iTunes and Wikipedia is also launched.

2003 MySpace is created. The term "Web 2.0" was coined.

2005 YouTube is launched

2006 Twitter was founded in March 2006 as a research and development project.

2009 There are over 100 billion live web pages.

= = = = =When was email first introduced?= Email- Short for “Electronic Mail” is a method of composing, sending, and receiving messages over electronic communication systems.

1961- MIT introduced the Compatible Time-Sharing System that allowed multiple users to log on at certain locations and store files online on a disk. 1965- Email began as a way to use timesharing as a way to communicate. It quickly became a network email. AUTODIN was the first system and it allowed electronic text messaging. 1969 ARPANET computer network had a large role in the introduction and popularity of email. 1972 Ray Tomlinson created the @ sign to separate the user and host names. His program SNDMSG and READMAIL largely contributed to the email initiative. 1993 The large network service providers America Online and Delphi started to connect their email systems to the Internet which began the large scale global Internet email.

__How Email Works__ Alice types message and address to send. The SMTP (Simple Mail Transfer System) sends it to the mail server which transfers electronic mail from one computer to another. It looks at the domain name (the part after the @ sign) to find the server that will get the message. That server than finds the username of the recipient and sends it to the mailbox. The recipient presses the “get mail” and picks up the message.



__Two problems of email (which reduces the effectiveness of email tools) __ 1 Spamming- overloading computer system 2 Email worms- a virus that can attach itself to another program on the computer (Morris Worm was one of the first sent through the internet in 1988)

__Privacy Policy __  A humorous look at the reason for email.
 * Messages transfer through a variety of computers which make the messages easy to be obtained by others
 * The ISP (Internet Service Provider) makes copies of everything that is sent which allows them to recover anything for several months even if it is deleted from the mailbox.

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=When did it expand into education?= The World Wide Web and Education have been to gether since the beginning. The first web browser was developed through research at the University. In 1992 **CERN** released the World Wide Web and the number of hosts on the Internet reached 1,000,000. In 1993, **Mosaic** was released by the University of Illinois and had a major impact on the Internet. In late 1994 the creator had moved to a commercial company, Netscape, and continued to refine and improve the variations of **Mosaic** and released it as **Netscape**. As early as 1993 web based classrooms were being created and refined. In 1997 Graziadei, W.D., et al.,published an article entitled "Building Asynchronous and Synchronous Teaching-Learning Environments: Exploring a Course/Classroom Management System Solution". As the web continues to evolve so does its uses in education. Listed below are some important changes to the web and the way it was able to be used by everyone including education.

**Web 1.0**- This web allowed people to search for information and read it. The user did not really interact with the content or contribute content. Websites were present to make information readily available to a wide audience. Web 1.0 was like a one-way street. Schools used the web for retrieval of information from sites and skill drill and practice.


 * Web 2.0**- People have the ability to interact with information and other web users and also contribute, collaborate and share content. Blogs, wikis and social networking sites are being used. Schools are using blogs, wikis, Nings, Flickr, voki.com (for a speaking avatar), Teacher Tube, podcasting and various other web 2.0 tools.


 * Web 2.0 Tools** from “Top 100 Tools for Learning in 2009”-[]

**Brief History of Web 2.0** (from Information Week): []

Joe (one of our clients) has written [|a little comparative analysis] of Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0: · Web 1.0 was about reading, Web 2.0 is about writing · Web 1.0 was about companies, Web 2.0 is about communities · Web 1.0 was about client-server, Web 2.0 is about peer to peer · <span style="color: #2e3a03; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Web 1.0 was about HTML, Web 2.0 is about XML · <span style="color: #2e3a03; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Web 1.0 was about home pages, Web 2.0 is about blogs He has about 15 such points. Here are a couple more, off the top of my head: · <span style="color: #2e3a03; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Web 1.0 was about lectures, Web 2.0 is about conversation · <span style="color: #2e3a03; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Web 1.0 was about advertising, Web 2.0 is about word of mouth · <span style="color: #2e3a03; font-family: 'Verdana','sans-serif'; font-size: 9pt;">Web 1.0 was about services sold over the web, Web 2.0 is about web services From: []
 * <span style="color: #d16007; font-family: 'Palatino Linotype','serif'; font-size: 16pt; text-decoration: none; textunderline: none;">[|Web 1.0 vs. Web 2.0] **

Some [|Internet] experts believe the next generation of the Web -- **<span style="font-family: 'Calibri','sans-serif';">Web 3.0 ** -- will make tasks like your search for movies and food faster and easier. Instead of multiple searches, you might type a complex sentence or two in your Web 3.0 browser, and the Web will do the rest. In our example, you could type "I want to see a funny movie and then eat at a good Mexican restaurant. What are my options?" The Web 3.0 browser will analyze your response, search the Internet for all possible answers, and then organize the results for you. ­ That's not all. Many of these experts believe that the Web 3.0 browser will act like a personal assistant. As you search the Web, the browser learns what you are interested in. The more you use the Web, the more your browser learns about you and the less specific you'll need to be with your questions. Eventually you might be able to ask your browser open questions like "where should I go for lunch?" Your browser would consult its records of what you like and dislike, take into account your current location and then suggest a list of restaurants. ( [] )
 * Future of the Web-Web 3.0** (from “How Stuff Works”)

=Eric Schmidt Defines Web 3.0= Written by [|Richard MacManus] / August 7, 2007 2:09 PM / [|63 Comments][|« Prior Post] [|Next Post »] Google CEO Eric Schmidt was recently at the [|Seoul Digital Forum] and he was asked to define Web 3.0 by an audience member. After first joking that Web 2.0 is "a marketing term", Schmidt launched into a great definition of Web 3.0. He said that while Web 2.0 was based on Ajax, Web 3.0 will be "applications that are pieced together" - with the characteristics that the apps are relatively small, the data is in the cloud, the apps can run on any device (PC or mobile), the apps are very fast and very customizable, and are distributed virally (social networks, email, etc). ([])

The ECB Surf Report is a bi-monthly video clip showcasing multimedia web resources for K-12 teachers and students. Every month we focus on a new topic and explore a few of the resources highlighted...

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=__Citations__= __[|**http://www.livinginternet.com/e/ei.htm**]__ []

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